Background & Aim: Salvia macrosiphon is one of the important species of Salvia which belongs to the Lamiaceae family. All 58 Iranian species of Salvia grow in different ecological places. The aim of this research is the investigation of morphological and anatomical characteristics of S. macrosiphon.Experimental: The above–mentioned species were collected from Zavarijan and Dodangeh region in Borojerd in 2007, and were transferred into a suitable place and then they have been determined systematically and they were used for morphological and anatomical studies by using light microscope.Results & Discussion: The investigation shows the species are mostly similar to the other ones previously studied anatomically. There were many trichomes in epidermal layer of stem. There are also anantomically different bundle sheath in pedicles which is three in middle and two in surrounding area in S. macrosiphon. The collenchyma tissues were observed in corners of stem. Parenchyma cells have chloroplasts and there are also many trichomes in the surface of leaves which seems many of them are secretary.Industrial and practical recommendations: The usage of the extract of different species of Saliva macrosiphon in medicinal and food products and its biological activity totally depends on the chemical compounds of extract. So, according to the importance of these extracts, doing some extensive research on all Iranian species is recommended.

The Lamiaceae family of plants includes Salvia macrosiphon, one of the therapeutic plants. In Iran, S. macrosiphon seeds are used as a remedy to prevent or treat numerous diseases. The chia seed, also known as Salvia hispanica, has beneficial effects on human health. This study examines the chemical composition and nutritional value of S. macrsoiphon seeds. In some previous research, S. macrosiphon seeds components were compared with Salvia hispanica's. In February 2021, S. macrosiphon seeds were bought from an herbal market,after they were authenticated, seed oil was obtained, and its chemical constituents were examined. S. macrosiphon seeds contain the following nutrients per 100 g: calcium 0. 47 g, phosphorus 0. 186 g, magnesium 9. 75 g, moisture 5. 2 g, ash 5. 55 g, crude protein 18. 92 g, crude fiber 22. 2 g, carbohydrates 4. 49 g, starch 17. 25 g, total fiber 53. 04 g, ADF (acid detergent fiber) 23. 0 g, ADL (acid detergent lignin) 9. 75 g, S. macroiphon seeds have 58. 5059 calories total energy per gram. Fatty acids abound in S. macrosiphon oil, particularly linolenic (38. 7%) and linoleic (24. 5%) acids. Analysis and comparisons reveal that the chemical components obtained from S. macrosiphon and S. hispanica seeds are strikingly similar in quantity.

Salvia macrosiphon and Salvia limbata are important species of the genus Salvia which is belong to the family of Lamiaceae (Labiatae). The above mentioned species was collected from southeren parts of beautiful area of Zavarijan and Dodangeh region in thecity of Brujerd. Essencial oil was extracted from the above these two plants by the method of distillation with water in a Clevenger.The collected essential oil was kept in refrigerator and analized by GC/MS. Totally, 31 chemical compounds were identified in the essence of each species. The main components in S.macrosiphon were Limonen, Alpha-pinene, Spathulenol, Myrcene, Beta-pinene, Beta-caryophyllene and the major in S. limbata were Spathulenol, Limonene, Beta-caryophyllene, Myrcene, Beta-pinene and Alpha-pinene.

The essential oil of Salvia macrosiphon boiss (Labiatae) was prepared by steam distillation and analyzed by Gc and coupled Gc/MS. Twenty substances out of about thirty-three detected components were identified. The major constituents were  sesquiterpenes (69.5%), a.-Gurjunene (11%), β-Cubebene (10.6%), Germacrene-B (7%).

Salvia macrosiphon Boiss. (Labiatae) is one of the Salvia species growing wild in Iran. The seeds of S. macrosiphon have been used as anti-tussive in Iranian folk medicine. In this study, the volatile oil of the aerial parts of S. macrosiphon, collected from Kolahghazi in south of Isfahan, was analyzed using a GC/MS method. The results- of this investigation indicate that, the oil of this plant contains over 46 components. The major components were b- pinene (15.3%), germacrene-D (10.1%), spathulenol (7.7%), 1,8-cineole (7.4%), limonene (5.2%), a-pinene (4.7%) and a-terpineol (4.1%).

Advancement in the production processes of nanostructures with appropriate formula characteristics provides the production of stable nanoparticles with the ability to be used in the food industry. Microencapsulated bioactive compounds can be integrated into electrospun fibers to achieve greater stability of nanoparticles against heat and light, which leads to increased storage time. In the present study, composite nanofiber layers were made from mucilage extracted from Salvia macrosiphon L. seeds using electrospinning. The nanocomposite of nanofibers was prepared from polyvinyl alcohol/rice bran protein isolate/ Salvia macrosiphon L. seed mucilage in different ratios. Then the morphology and FTIR spectroscopy were investigated. The average diameter of the produced nanofibers is about 40 nm and the coefficient of variance is 13%, which showed that the diameter of the fibers is relatively uniform. Increasing the concentration of the mucilage solution and the constant percentage of polyvinyl alcohol significantly increased the diameter of the nanofibers. In the next step, vitamin D3 was encapsulated in polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers and rice bran protein concentrate. FTIR results confirmed the presence of vitamin D3 in the prepared nanofibers. At higher concentrations of phenolic compounds, with the increase in the number of hydroxyl groups of aromatic rings in the reaction medium, the inhibitory power of mucilage free radicals increased. The composition of nanofibers in the spectroscopic graphs showed that there are two strong peaks in the range of 1454 and 1743 CM-1 from vitamin D3 in the nanocomposite and microcoated samples which show the stretching vibrations related to the C=C group in the aromatic rings of phenolic compounds. Based on the findings, bioactive compounds to increase access to vitamin D3 can be enclosed in electrospun nanofibers of Salvia macrosiphon L. mucilage/polyvinyl alcohol/rice bran protein concentrate.

Aims: Candidiasis is the most opportunistic infection with a high rate of recurrent infection. Salvia macrosiphon has an antibacterial effect; however, its antifungal effect was not studied. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of essential oil from leaves of Salvia macrosiphon and its antifungal activity compared with fluconazole. Materials & Methods: Salvia macrosiphon leaves, a native plant of Kogiluyeh and Boyerahmad province, were collected from Zagros Heights and used in this study. Then, the essential oil of this plant was tested for antibacterial and antifungal properties and compared with fluconazole.  The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by GC/MS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry), and the antifungal activity of the plant's essential oil was compared with that of fluconazole. Findings: The results of GC-MS analysis proved the presence of at least 29 compounds in the essential oil of Salvia macrosiphon. Amon these constitute butyl benzoate (49.16%), n-hexyl benzoate (7%), and isopatolenol (4.83%) were the main compounds. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the essential oil (µl/ml) of Salvia macrosiphon and fluconazole (μg/ml) were 0.44 and 0.7 for Candida albicans, 0.056 and 0.7 for C. glabrata, and 0.1 and 0.088 for C. parapsilosis, respectively. Also, statistical analysis demonstrated a significant difference between the mean of fluconazole and essential oil in total Candida isolates (p=0.001). Conclusion: The essential oil of Salvia macrosiphon has stronger antifungal activity than fluconazole.

Objectives: As some species of the Salvia family have been shown to exert antidepressant-like activity, the aim of this study was to investigate the antidepressant effects of the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Salvia mirzayanii and Salvia macrosiphon, two endemic species of salvia in Iran. Methods: In total, 148 eight-week-old male albino mice (25-35 g) were used to carry out the forced swimming test. The effects of different doses of the aqueous (100-1800 mg/kg) and hydroalcoholic extracts (75-900 mg/kg) of Salvia mirzayanii and Salvia macrosiphon on immobility, climbing, and swimming behaviors were examined. Fluoxetine and imipramine were used as control drugs. The effects of extracts on locomotor activity were also evaluated. Results: High doses of the aqueous extracts of both plants and hydroalcoholic extract of Salvia mirzayanii produced a significant reduction in immobilityandincrease inswimmingcomparedto the control group. The hydroalcoholic extract of Salvia macrosiphon did not show any significant effect on immobility and swimming. Only some doses of hydroalcoholic extract of Salvia mirzayanii and aqueous extract of Salvia macrosiphon showed a significant increase in climbing behavior. The aqueous and hydroalcoholic extract of both plants caused a decrease in spontaneous activity. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicated that the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Salvia mirzayanii and the aqueous extract of Salvia macrosiphon had antidepressant-like activity. In addition, the hydroalcoholic extract of Salvia mirzayanii and the aqueous extracts of Salvia macrosiphon were more effective fractions of these plants. These endemic Iranian Salvia species may have potential therapeutic effects for depression.

Background and objectives: Wild Sage (Salvia macrosiphon Boiss.) known as " Marvak " in Persian is one of the polymorphic and abundant plants of Lamiaceae. The plants whole seeds usually soaked or boiled in hot water are widely used for inflammatory ailments in folk medicine. Documents have shown that there is scant information on the chemical constituents of this plant seeds. The current study was carried out to assess the phytochemical constituents of Salvia macrosiphon seeds as well as anti-inflammatory activities.Methods: The seed oil extracted via a Soxhlet extractor was subjected to pharmacognostic assays using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of fatty acids and sterols as well as evaluation of the possible anti-inflammatory activities in rats.Results: Total ash, acid insoluble and water soluble ash values were determined as 51.67±7.53, 10.00±0.02 and 30.01±5.01 mg/g, respectively. HPTLC assessment revealed the presence of different steroids, triterpenes and fatty acids. Amount of sterols in oil was found 2.44, 24.92 and 4.60 mg/g for esterified b-sitosterol, free b-sitosterol and free stigmasterol, respectively. The a-linolenic acid (77.69±6.10%) was the principal fatty acid. Regarding the anti-inflammatory activity, the seed oil showed low activity in the early phase of formalin test; however, could not significantly inhibit the neutrophil-induced damage by reducing MPO activity in the paws of the rat.Conclusion: The seed oil did not exhibit satisfactory effects on acute inflammation in this study but considering the rich phytosterols content, the seed and its oil can be introduced as useful dietary supplements.